What follows is a small sample of the letters, diaries, and images available online for the first time from the Civil War collections at the Atlanta History Center:
Wednesday, December 19, 2012
Sneak peek
What follows is a small sample of the letters, diaries, and images available online for the first time from the Civil War collections at the Atlanta History Center:
Thursday, June 7, 2012
Creating OAIDC records from EAD-encoded finding aids
For these larger collections, we export the EAD-encoded finding aids from AT, an archival management system currently utilized by AHC and Hargrett (GHS has been funded in a separate NHPRC project to create an instance of AT to host their finding aids). The resulting xml files contain both high-level archival description and folder-level description. In other words, the finding aids contain data (such as access restrictions, collection creation, subject terms, biographical notes, etc.) that applies to the whole collection as well as information that applies to each file unit (such as title and date). Using a perl script, DLG staff create folder-level DC records that include the folder-specific information as well as information that applies to the entire collection.
Collection-wide information
EAD element | ==> | DC field |
prefercite | ==> | dc:rights |
controllaccess | ==> | dc:subject/dc:type |
origination | ==> | dc:creator |
EAD element | ==> | DC field |
unittitle | ==> | dc:title |
unitdate | ==> | dc:coverage.temporal |
container | ==> | used to create dc:identifier and dc:source |
Friday, May 18, 2012
First documents now available
A.A. Echols Letter to Governor Emory Washburn, 1860 November 12
The collection consists of a document dated June 8, 1865 relating to the court martial of Private George Harris (member of Company E of the 33rd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, stationed in Savannah, Georgia) for sleeping while on sentinel duty. The document states that the court found Private Harris guilty and sentenced him to hard labor and to wear a 24-pound ball for six months on any government fortification.
Dr. William Duncan papers, 1861-1873
The collection consists of correspondence, military appointments, receipts, orders of Dr. William Duncan (Confederate Assistant Surgeon with the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment, stationed in Virginia from 1861-1862. Due to pressing business at his home in Savannah, he returned there in March 1862. But by December of that year, he had been reappointed Assistant Surgeon and served as a medical officer in the Savannah area) relating to his service in the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment in Virginia (1861-1862) and later as a surgeon in the Savannah area. Of particular interest is a list of medicines and hospital stores received at Thunderbolt Battery, Dr. Duncan's Oath of Pardon, and a request for travel to Europe in 1865. Other items included in the collection are notes and orders signed by T.J. Charlton or George P. Harrison, Jr. and one letter from Michael L. Cass.
Edwin L.B. Estes letter to W.L.A. Estes, 1864 February 9
The collection consists of a letter from Edwin L.B. Estes and G.B. Reasons, soldiers in the Confederate Army stationed at a camp at Rome, Georgia, to Estes' father W.L.A. Estes on February 9, 1864. The letters discusses Reasons' reaction to the Emancipation Proclamation, his desire to get his wife out of Tennessee, treatment of female citizens by the Union Army, and his promotion possibilities.
F. McGilnery letter to Lieutenant Wiggin, 1864 March 12
The collection consists of a letter written by F. McGilnery from Augusta, dated 12 March 1864, to Confederate Lieutenant Wiggin talking of a plan between the two which is to be kept secret. McGilnery states he has received a letter from the Chief of Ordinance concerning an account. It may well be that McGilnery is acting as an intermediary securing critical supplies for the C.S.A. Army.
Francis Bickett letters to Isabella Bickett 1861-1865
The collection consists of fourteen letters written by Francis Bickett (1st Lieutenant in the 47th Ohio Infantry during the Civil War) to his wife Bell (Isabella) as he moved through Ohio, Virginia, Mississippi (Vicksburg), Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia during the Civil War. His regiment marched from Atlanta to Savannah where he describes leading the charge on Fort McAllister. Bickett's letters also tell of his love and concern for his wife and daughter, Bina. He apologizes for not having money to send to them, and describes his reenlistment and his wish for the war to be over so he can return home.
Giles Moore enlistment agreement in the Union army, 1863 August 19
The collection consists of a printed agreement (completed in manuscript) in which Giles Moore, previously a slave in the Cherokee Nation, enlists in the 2nd Regiment of Kansas Colored Volunteers. Moore was 35 years old and the document bears his "X" mark signature.
H.H. Davis letter to his parents 1863 August 20
The collection consists of a letter dated August 20, 1863, from H.H. Davis with the 20th Georgia Infantry Regiment to his parents in Cherokee County, Georgia. The letter was written while on the Rapidan River in Virginia and discusses activity among the Confederate and Union troops near the river.
Jenkins, J.H. letter, 1864 October 10
The collection consists of one soldier's letter from J. H. Jenkins to "My Dear Wife" [Sallie], dated October 10, 1864 from Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The letters concerns yellow fever in Charleston [South Carolina], the possibility of her coming for a visit, what she should bring, etc. There is also a small printed map of the Andersonville, Georgia Prison. The two items in this collection were found in a volume of the Athens Southern Banner, 1866-1869, but there is no apparent connection between them.
John McIntosh Kell letters, 1861
The collection consists of two letters from John McIntosh Kell while serving in the Confederate Navy onboard the ship Savannah in 1861. The first letter, to his father-in-law N.C. Munroe dated March 22, 1861, discusses the actions of Commodore Josiah Tattnall and the removal of guns from Fort Clinch, Florida to Fort Pulaski, Georgia. The second letter, dated March 25, 1861, is addressed to his wife Blanche Munroe Kell and discusses coastal Georgia social news.
John R. Binion family letters, 1861-1864
The collection consists of letters between members of the Binion family of Hancock County from 1861-1864. Correspondents include John R. Binion; his wife, Frances L. Butts; James F. Binion, serving with Company F of the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment; and Elizabeth A. Jones. The women write about typhoid and how it was treated, the community scare when an Irishman led negroes to kill whites, of making uniforms and sacks for soldiers, and crops. John R. Binion wrote of camp life, from Camp Satilla near Savannah and Governor Joseph Brown's calling up the militia in 1864.
Joseph E. Johnston telegram, 1865 March 27
The collection consists of a telegram sent to General Howell Cobb from General Joseph E. Johnston at Smithfield, Virginia, which instructs Cobb to "select the roads to furnish the iron for repairs of main routes through Georgia."
Joshua Breyfogle family papers 1864, 1903
The collection consists of a Civil War diary written by Joshua Breyfogle in 1864; a typescript of a letter written by Joshua Breyfogle to his children in 1903 in which he describes his Civil war experiences; a typed genealogy of the Breyfogle family; and six family photographs. The diary gives details of Joshua Breyfogle's participation in three Georgia battles- in Resaca, Atlanta, and Fort McAllister. The letter describes Joshua Breyfogle's moves through Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky and Virginia with battles at Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain, West Virginia, and White House Landing and Petersburg, Virginia. Breyfogle (b. 1848) from Delaware, Ohio, enlisted in the Army at approximately age 14. His father, Joshua D. Breyfogle (1806-1868), and his brothers, Roland (1842-1870) and William (1845-1865), had already enlisted in the 4th Ohio Infantry. Joshua was first in Company K of the 86th Ohio Infantry, then the 5th Ohio Independent Cavalry Battalion, and finally the 13th Ohio Cavalry.
Letter to Colonel D.E. Barrow, 1861 October 3
The collection consists of a letter from Fleming G. Grieve to Colonel D.E. Barrow dated October 3, 1861, Milledgeville, Georgia. The letter offers the company of Calhoun Greys for service for the coastal defense of Georgia and includes a list of officers and privates in the company.
Letters to Nannie M. La Roque, 1862-1864
The collection consists of correspondence from John G. La Roque, of the 4th Georgia Infantry Regiment, mainly to his wife, Nannie M. La Roque, from 1862-1864. La Roque's letters discuss the death of his son, his health and that of his wife, the morale and health of the men in Company E, troop movements in Virginia, casualties and deaths, news of friends and family, the problems of obtaining clothing for soldiers, the battle of Spotsylvania, Virginia, and his capture and imprisonment at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also contains one letter from La Roque to F.A. Billingslea, dated April 27, 1863, asking Billingslea to collect money owed La Roque and describing the readiness and troop strengths under General Jackson.
Major W.S. Munday letters to Captain Isaac Shelby, 1863
The collection consists of two letters from Major W.S. Munday to Capt. Isaac Shelby, Jr. with the Buckner Corps, Army of Tennessee in 1863. The September 22, 1863 letter from Ringold, Georgia (at the close of the battle of Chickamauga) discusses not being able to find a courier to relay messages. The October 7, 1865 letter from Chattanooga, Tennessee, is regarding the distribution of cattle and moving his headquarters to Dalton, Georgia. Captain Isaac Shelby is the namesake and grandson of well known political figure, Colonel Isaac Shelby of the Revolutionary War period. Colonel Shelby took several forts in the Revolutionary War without firing a shot, fought in Pontiac's Rebellion, and helped defeat Cornwallis at King Mountain. He became Kentucky's first governor and fought the British in the War of 1812. His son was born in 1795 and married in 1817. He in turn had several children, including Isaac Jr. The writer of this letter, Isaac Shelby Jr., was born in 1832.
P.G.T. Beauregard telegram, 1865 January 2
The collection consists of a telegram sent to General Howell Cobb from General P. G. T. Beauregard at Charleston, South Carolina, which informs Cobb that Beauregard was leaving the city that day at eleven o'clock.
Robert T. Wood papers, 1863-1865, 1879 (bulk 1864)
The collection consists primarily of letters from Robert T. Wood (d. 1865, Confederate soldier in the Georgia Militia during the Civil War, resident of Washington County, Georgia) from May - August 1864 while serving in the Georgia Militia near Atlanta, to his wife and children in Washington County, Georgia. Also includes letters from a cousin, Fannie H. Rogers, Calhoun's Mills (S.C.); a letter from D.R. Childers (unit unknown), dated July 1963, Chattanooga, Tennessee, which mentions the Tullahoma campaign; and a social letter from W.D. Johnson dated 1879, from Liverpool, England to his sister, Missouri.
Thomas Ely Lee letters to Fannie Lee, 1862-1890 (bulk 1862-1863)
The collection primarily consists of letters from Thomas Ely Lee in the 49th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Company K while serving in Virginia, to his wife Fanny Lee from 1862-1863. He writes that he gets enough to eat but needs clothes. He states he went to Maryland and Pennsylvania, but believes the fighting at Petersburg may end the war. He mentions his commanders, Capt. Henry H. Whitfield and Lt. Capt. John Pate several times.
William C. Goggans Civil War letters, 1861-1865
The collection consists of letters, written mainly by William C. Goggans and family, during the Civil War from 1861-1865. The letters discuss army camp life, conditions and war news, and the wartime economy and psychology. Goggans of the 35th Georgia Infantry Regiment, wrote from camps in Richmond, Fredericksburg, James River, Cumberland Gap, Camp Jackson (Martinsburg), Smithfield, and Buryville in Virginia; Milledgeville and Augusta, Georgia; and Meridian, Mississippi. Also contained in the collection is a letter from J.B. Walton to the General Commander, U.S. Forces at Savannah, Georgia, and Confederate civilian letters. William C. Goggans, Lieutenant (later Captain) in the 35th Georgia Infantry Regiment, died at Richmond, Virginia, February 23, 1863.
William H. Maxey letters to Jeremiah Maxey, 1861-1862
The collection primarily consists of correspondence from William H. Maxey (d. March 15, 1862), a Confederate soldier with Company K of the 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment, to his father, Jeremiah Maxey, from June - December 1861. Maxey's letters, from Virginia, discuss his health, stays in the hospital, wounded friends, requests for clothes and blankets, rumors of troop movements, and asks for news of home. One letter, dated July 26, 1861, describes the death of Francis S. Bartow and the 1st Battle of Bull Run. Also contains an undated poem, THE DYING SOLDIER and correspondence to Jeremiah Maxey from other soldiers of the 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment. One letter, dated Richmond, Virginia, March 17, 1862 from Thomas Gilham, describes William Maxey's death.
Monday, April 23, 2012
Transforming metadata records for small collections into OAIDC for import into DLG union catalog
America's Turning Point is a collaborative project that brings together the Civil War resources of three Georgia institutions--Atlanta History Center, Georgia Historical Society, and the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at UGA. Each institution will maintain access its finding aids (which will have links to the scanned documents), but the project will also bring together descriptive records for all three institutions' digitized materials in the DLG union catalog, http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu.
One of the basic requirements of the NHPRC's Digitizing Historical Records program is that funded projects re-use existing descriptive metadata. All three institutions already have EAD-encoded finding aids and MARC. These will be used as the basis for the Dublin Core records required by the DLG union catalog.
Many of the collections to be included in the project are small, consisting of a single folder. Dublin Core records for these collection can be easily created by transforming the MARC records into DC. For those in AT (AHC and Hargrett), we export MARC21slim xml records from AT, run them through a basic clean-up script, and use a modified version of the MARC21slim2OAIDC xslt stylesheet from the Library of Congress.
The basic clean up script takes care of a few simple issues
- When exporting MARC records from AT, the root element = collection. We want it to be <record>.
- We create an 856 field and normalize the collection names to correspond with our naming scheme.
The modified XSLT stylesheet adds new fields (<dc:contributor>, <dc:publisher>, <dc:date>, and a <dc:description> with sponsorship details). It also creates <dc:rights>, <dc:source>, and <dc:coverage.temporal> fields. Even after transformation into OAIDC, we do a minor amount of tweaking--adding <dc:coverage.spatial> and correcting punctuation in
Once the OAIDC records have been finalized, we use the DLG's importer to add the records to our union catalog. At this time using a local perl, we also create a tab-delimited file to import the digital objects into AT. The script captures the following data:
- DigitalObjectID
- dateExpression
- objectType (provided by user)
- title
- uri
Friday, March 23, 2012
Packing Up
To reduce the amount of time collections will be at DLG and thus inaccessible to researchers, the project staff decided to deliver the content in three installments, the first of which occurred on March 19, 2012. To illustrate the volume of materials to be digitized, AHC staff pulled half of the collections set to be digitized for the grant.
Since the collections will be inaccessible to researchers until they are returned to the Atlanta History Center and reshelved in their original containers, inventories and catalog records for these collections have been temporarily removed from our online catalogs.
For the first installment, we chose forty-six collections, many of which are relatively small in size with only a few documents in each. However, the Wilber Kurtz Jr. visual arts collection contains over 6,000 images to be digitized. We carefully rehoused all the collections in record boxes for the trip and created spreadsheets that include an accurate account of the scans required for the contents of each collection.
Which brings me to an occupational hazard: reading the material with which you are working.
Found in Carrie Berry’s diary on 3 August 1864 (MSS 29f, spelling unchanged):
This was my birthday I was ten years old but I did not hav (sic) a cake times was too hard so I celebrated by ironing I hope by my next birthday we will have peace in our land so I can have a nice dinner
Should I be killed in battle or die in hospital be kind enough my dear soldier friend to inform Mrs Mary L McGibbon Opelika, Ala. where my remains may be found And if you saw me fall on the battlefield tell her how I behaved myself in the presence of the enemy.
On the opposite page from the entry listed above, Private Johnston left a note for any Federal soldiers who might have stumbled on his remains:
Pay respect to my body you infernal thievish Yankee scoundrel. I have someone at home to read this book.
Yes, reading what we're processing does tend to slow things down a tad. But who can resist taking a peek into the past? We're very glad to be a part of the process.
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Training the student scanners at DLG
"On March 8, 2012 the Digital Library of Georgia began training their student assistants in the process of scanning, naming, and cropping materials received from the Atlanta History Center.
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Filenaming
"The folder level digitization method used for the NHPRC Civil War grant project relies on the collation of tens of thousands of scans into separate folders of items. These are transformed into pdf and djvu files that are linked with the existing finding aid for each collection at the folder level. How do we make sure that the right scans end up in the right folders? We use a strict naming system to recreate the collection, box, and folder hierarchy within the file name of each scan. The name also conveys information about the institution, item, and scan number (usually, but not always equivalent to the page number) of an item.
To state the rules generally:
Master tif image file names consist of a combination of five elements that reflect the structure of the collection. They are:
1. A collection identifier consisting of an institutional prefix and the existing numeric portion of the collection ID.
2. The box number (where applicable) padded with zeros to three digits.
3. The folder number (where applicable) padded with zeros to three digits.
4. The item number (numbered according to position in folder) padded with zeros to three digits.
5. The scan number (numbered according to how many scans it takes to present an item) padded with zeros to three digits.
These segments are separated with hyphens to enhance readability and aid in visual evaluation of file lists for quality control purposes.
Derivative names (which will be used to link the presentation images to the EAD) omit the item and scan numbers since they will be one per folder.
To give a specific example:
Considering the Francis Marion Coker papers from the Hargrett Library (ms15) the fourth page of the third item of folder 2 of box 1 would be:
harg15-001-002-003-004.tif
The derivative file for this folder would be:
harg15-001-002.pdf
It would be linked to the EAD at the section identifying folder 2 of box 1.
It’s a little confusing at first, but once you learn what the different parts mean you can immediately identify where the original object that corresponds to a scan is located. This is essential for quality control purposes in case we need to rescan an item or verify its location. It also is the means by which the files are divided up for derivative creation so that the correct images for a collection folder all ultimately appear in the same pdf or djvu file."
Wednesday, February 22, 2012
Ramping up at UGA
Since all the imaging work will be done in two different buildings (the Main Library and the new Special Collections Library), staff in both locations are keeping in close contact. As project needs change, the students may change their home base from one unit to another. As such, the three student supervisors are working collaboratively to hire our student scanners. They've advertised the position on DawgTrak, UGA's student job bulletin board, drawn up expectation documents, and fine-tuned training documents. Student interviews are being scheduled, and we'll be doing a mock training session next week.
On the equipment front, we've rearranged DLG's workspace to accommodate our additional five scanning students. Given the volume of imaging work, we needed to ensure that we had enough working files and archival storage.
We're looking forward to the project and welcoming our new student assistants.
Monday, February 20, 2012
We've been funded!
NHPRC February 2012 Newsletter
In June of 2011, the Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center, in partnership with the Digital Library of Georgia, the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Georgia, and the Georgia Historical Society. submitted a grant proposal to the NHPRC for funding to incorporate economical solutions to create, preserve, and provide free online access to these extraordinary materials.
Staff at each of the partnering libraries selected collections based on the strengths of their institution. These include the Atlanta Campaign and the defense of Savannah; the Eastern Theater and Western Theater outside of Georgia; Confederate government records and correspondence of its prominent officials; life on the homefront; slavery; and the Civil War in memory. The records include the diverse experiences and perspectives of military leaders, soldiers, and civilians whose lives were directly impacted by the Civil War. Thousands of first-hand accounts of Union and Confederate soldiers and officers document their hardships and opinions of the war and national politics. Military documents, including orders issued by William T. Sherman, describe the strategy of the Atlanta Campaign. Letters and diaries from Georgia civilians, young and old, male and female, describe in compelling detail the anxiety leading up to the war, the blockade of Georgia’s coast, the siege of Atlanta, and General Sherman’s subsequent march through Georgia. Financial and military documents reveal details of the buying and selling of slaves by private parties and by governments in the defense of the Confederacy. Letters, questionnaires, and 20th-century photograph collections capture the memories of Civil War veterans and document important Georgia Civil War landmarks a few decades after the conflict.
Now that we've got the official go-ahead, we'll be posting about the process in hopes that our experience will help other repositories as they seek to make their collections more accessible. We look forward to the journey--stay tuned to America's Turning Point: Documenting the Civil War Experience in Georgia!