Wednesday, December 19, 2012

Sneak peek

On October 8th, Paul Crater, Melanie Stephan, and Sue VerHoef retrieved the first batch of Atlanta History Center (AHC) materials from the University of Georgia and returned them to the Kenan Research Center.  Digital Library of Georgia staff created digital surrogates for fifty three manuscript collections and 6,150 photographs and negatives for a total of 15,178 images.  They then created folder level links to the digital content based on existing EAD encoded finding aids for the collections. 
 
Online finding aids for the collections were suppressed while the materials were unavailable for research, but now that they are back in their original containers, onsite and offsite patrons can access them through the finding aids link on the AHC’s website.  Researchers simply follow the "Research," "Search the collection," and "Finding aids" links in order to search for digital content here

What follows is a small sample of the letters, diaries, and images available online for the first time from the Civil War collections at the Atlanta History Center:

This collection contains two diaries of Abigail M. Brooks, dated 1865 and 1870, along with typed transcriptions of both. There is also an 1858 invitation to attend church. In the 1865 diary, Brooks describes life in rural Tennessee, near Nashville, where she teaches in a one room school house. Later in the year, Abigail moves to Edgefield, Tennessee, also near Nashville, and starts her own school. She describes life in Edgefield, trials with her students, the smoking stove, and parents who don’t pay tuition. She also describes trips to Nashville to shop, take music lessons, and visit with friends. In April 1865, she mentions the fall of Richmond, General Robert E. Lee’s surrender, and President Lincoln’s assassination. She describes meeting soldiers who were traveling home from war and learning about their war experiences. In the 1870 diary, Brooks describes the cities of Edgefield, Nashville, Atlanta, Madison, Augusta, and Savannah. Her diary gives insight into the Presbyterian churches that Abigail attended while living in these cities. She describes the services, the ministers, and the church buildings. Many of the entries discuss her efforts to make a living selling books, religious prints, maps, and pictures of Robert E. Lee, both door-to-door and in local factories and offices. She mentions many local businessmen and their wives and comments on race relations, travel, city conditions, and the hardships she encountered as a single woman trying to make a living in the post-Civil War South.
 
This collection consists of letters written between Clara and Gilmer Watts between August 1862 and July 1864. Her letters deal with her management of the family and her new occupation as a teacher as well as her encouragement of Gilmer’s desire to become a preacher.  Gilmer writes about his sicknesses, poor rations, sporadic pay, and the vagaries of camp life.  His letters document his unit’s movements through Kentucky and Indiana, and also include descriptions of his time as a prisoner of war in Maryland and Missouri.  After his release in a prisoner exchange in 1863, Gilmer rejoined his unit and continued to write about the hard edged life of a soldier in camp until his death in the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain on July 19, 1864.  In addition to Gilmer’s and Clara’s correspondence, the collection contains two separate death notices for Gilmer; currency; his enlistment papers; and three small books entitled The Soldier’s Hymn Book, A Rainy Day in Camp, and The Roll Call or How will You Answer It.  Gilmer also kept a journal in which he recorded his army movements as well as a list of letters he received and sent, a list of addresses, and a list of money accounts.  
 
 
We hope you enjoy this sneak peek; stay tuned as more digital content is added.





 

 

 

Thursday, June 7, 2012

Creating OAIDC records from EAD-encoded finding aids

While many of the collections to be digitized as part of this project are quite small, others such as the Civil War-related series of the Telamon Cuyler papers are quite voluminous. We still need to create folder-level Dublin Core (DC) records for ingest into the DLG union metadata catalog. One of the parameters of these projects is that we must re-use existing descriptive metadata. So we use the EAD-encoded finding aids that each project already has. (For more information on EAD, see the official Library of Congress EAD pages.)

For these larger collections, we export the EAD-encoded finding aids from AT, an archival management system currently utilized by AHC and  Hargrett (GHS has been funded in a separate NHPRC project to create an instance of AT to host their finding aids). The resulting xml files contain both high-level archival description and folder-level description. In other words, the finding aids contain data (such as access restrictions, collection creation, subject terms, biographical notes, etc.) that applies to the whole collection as well as information that applies to each file unit (such as title and date). Using a perl script, DLG staff create folder-level DC records that include the folder-specific information as well as information that applies to the entire collection.

Collection-wide information
EAD element==>DC field
prefercite==>dc:rights
controllaccess==>dc:subject/dc:type
origination==>dc:creator
Folder-level information
EAD element==>DC field
unittitle==>dc:title
unitdate==>dc:coverage.temporal
container==>used to create dc:identifier and dc:source
Once the records are created, we spot check them to make sure that all the data transformed correctly before loading them into the DLG union metadata catalog using our xml importer. Next, using a locally created script, we create a tab-delimited file of digital object links for import back into AT. Finally, the digital object links are added at the appropriate level of description in each finding aid.

Friday, May 18, 2012

First documents now available

The Digital Library of Georgia and the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library are pleased to announce that the first documents from the America's Turning Point project are now available. The twenty-four collections are part of the holdings of the Hargrett Library.

A.A. Echols Letter to Governor Emory Washburn, 1860 November 12
Letter from A.A. Echols, Savannah, Georgia, to Emory Washburn, former governor of Massachusetts dated November 12, 1860. This lengthy letter, prompted by Lincoln's election six days earlier, expresses early Southern reaction to that election, Civil War causes, and the southern course of action. Echols, apparently a long-time friend of Washburn, mildly criticizes him for joining the Republican Party, predicts that the effect of Lincoln's election will be peaceful secession, and proposes some commercial realignments between the North and South.
 
The collection consists of a letter  from Aurelius W. Gibson (Confederate Major with Company K of the 45th Georgia Infantry Regiment. Captured at Petersburg, Virginia, March 1865 he was held at Fort Delaware, Delaware until his pardon and release in July, 1865) to President Andrew Johnson, dated May 17, 1865, Fort Delaware, Delaware, from Major Aurelius W. Gibson. The letter states Gibson was formerly with the 45th Georgia Infantry Regiment, has taken the oath of allegiance to the United States, and requests a pardon. Attached to the letter is a completed form for the oath. 
 
The collection consists of a letter from Byron D. Paddock (Coldwater, Michigan soldier who served in Battery F, 1st Michigan Light Artillery, as quartermaster sergeant, second and first lieutenant, and captain, and was discharged April 6, 1865), dated 1864 from Atlanta, concerning military life in the Civil War, what he is doing, and where his unit (Battery F, 1st Michigan) is moving. While the intended recipient is vague, he appears to be writing a woman named Hattie. There is also an acquisition description of the letter in this collection. It provides a partial transcript of some of the letter.  
 
The collection consists of one letter from union soldier Charles H. Grogan dated February 15, 1862, from Warsaw Island, Georgia, to Lemuel J. Beardsley, Stratford, Connecticut in which Grogan writes of his unit moving from Hilton Head, South Carolina to attack Savannah, Georgia.

Document relating to the court martial of Private George Harris, 1865 June 8
The collection consists of a document dated June 8, 1865 relating to the court martial of Private George Harris (member of Company E of the 33rd United States Colored Infantry Regiment, stationed in Savannah, Georgia) for sleeping while on sentinel duty. The document states that the court found Private Harris guilty and sentenced him to hard labor and to wear a 24-pound ball for six months on any government fortification.

Dr. William Duncan papers, 1861-1873


The collection consists of correspondence, military appointments, receipts, orders of Dr. William Duncan (Confederate Assistant Surgeon with the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment, stationed in Virginia from 1861-1862. Due to pressing business at his home in Savannah, he returned there in March 1862. But by December of that year, he had been reappointed Assistant Surgeon and served as a medical officer in the Savannah area) relating to his service in the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment in Virginia (1861-1862) and later as a surgeon in the Savannah area. Of particular interest is a list of medicines and hospital stores received at Thunderbolt Battery, Dr. Duncan's Oath of Pardon, and a request for travel to Europe in 1865. Other items included in the collection are notes and orders signed by T.J. Charlton or George P. Harrison, Jr. and one letter from Michael L. Cass.

Edwin L.B. Estes letter to W.L.A. Estes, 1864 February 9
The collection consists of a letter from Edwin L.B. Estes and G.B. Reasons, soldiers in the Confederate Army stationed at a camp at Rome, Georgia, to Estes' father W.L.A. Estes on February 9, 1864. The letters discusses Reasons' reaction to the Emancipation Proclamation, his desire to get his wife out of Tennessee, treatment of female citizens by the Union Army, and his promotion possibilities.

F. McGilnery letter to Lieutenant Wiggin, 1864 March 12
The collection consists of a letter written by F. McGilnery from Augusta, dated 12 March 1864, to Confederate Lieutenant Wiggin talking of a plan between the two which is to be kept secret. McGilnery states he has received a letter from the Chief of Ordinance concerning an account. It may well be that McGilnery is acting as an intermediary securing critical supplies for the C.S.A. Army.

Francis Bickett letters to Isabella Bickett 1861-1865
The collection consists of fourteen letters written by Francis Bickett (1st Lieutenant in the 47th Ohio Infantry during the Civil War) to his wife Bell (Isabella) as he moved through Ohio, Virginia, Mississippi (Vicksburg), Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia during the Civil War. His regiment marched from Atlanta to Savannah where he describes leading the charge on Fort McAllister. Bickett's letters also tell of his love and concern for his wife and daughter, Bina. He apologizes for not having money to send to them, and describes his reenlistment and his wish for the war to be over so he can return home.

Giles Moore enlistment agreement in the Union army, 1863 August 19
The collection consists of a printed agreement (completed in manuscript) in which Giles Moore, previously a slave in the Cherokee Nation, enlists in the 2nd Regiment of Kansas Colored Volunteers. Moore was 35 years old and the document bears his "X" mark signature.

H.H. Davis letter to his parents 1863 August 20
The collection consists of a letter dated August 20, 1863, from H.H. Davis with the 20th Georgia Infantry Regiment to his parents in Cherokee County, Georgia. The letter was written while on the Rapidan River in Virginia and discusses activity among the Confederate and Union troops near the river.
 
Jenkins, J.H. letter, 1864 October 10
The collection consists of one soldier's letter from J. H. Jenkins to "My Dear Wife" [Sallie], dated October 10, 1864 from Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The letters concerns yellow fever in Charleston [South Carolina], the possibility of her coming for a visit, what she should bring, etc. There is also a small printed map of the Andersonville, Georgia Prison. The two items in this collection were found in a volume of the Athens Southern Banner, 1866-1869, but there is no apparent connection between them.

John McIntosh Kell letters, 1861
The collection consists of two letters from John McIntosh Kell while serving in the Confederate Navy onboard the ship Savannah in 1861. The first letter, to his father-in-law N.C. Munroe dated March 22, 1861, discusses the actions of Commodore Josiah Tattnall and the removal of guns from Fort Clinch, Florida to Fort Pulaski, Georgia. The second letter, dated March 25, 1861, is addressed to his wife Blanche Munroe Kell and discusses coastal Georgia social news.

John R. Binion family letters, 1861-1864
The collection consists of letters between members of the Binion family of Hancock County from 1861-1864. Correspondents include John R. Binion; his wife, Frances L. Butts; James F. Binion, serving with Company F of the 10th Georgia Infantry Regiment; and Elizabeth A. Jones. The women write about typhoid and how it was treated, the community scare when an Irishman led negroes to kill whites, of making uniforms and sacks for soldiers, and crops. John R. Binion wrote of camp life, from Camp Satilla near Savannah and Governor Joseph Brown's calling up the militia in 1864.

Joseph E. Johnston telegram, 1865 March 27
The collection consists of a telegram sent to General Howell Cobb from General Joseph E. Johnston at Smithfield, Virginia, which instructs Cobb to "select the roads to furnish the iron for repairs of main routes through Georgia."

Joshua Breyfogle family papers 1864, 1903
The collection consists of a Civil War diary written by Joshua Breyfogle in 1864; a typescript of a letter written by Joshua Breyfogle to his children in 1903 in which he describes his Civil war experiences; a typed genealogy of the Breyfogle family; and six family photographs. The diary gives details of Joshua Breyfogle's participation in three Georgia battles- in Resaca, Atlanta, and Fort McAllister. The letter describes Joshua Breyfogle's moves through Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky and Virginia with battles at Rich Mountain and Cheat Mountain, West Virginia, and White House Landing and Petersburg, Virginia. Breyfogle (b. 1848) from Delaware, Ohio, enlisted in the Army at approximately age 14. His father, Joshua D. Breyfogle (1806-1868), and his brothers, Roland (1842-1870) and William (1845-1865), had already enlisted in the 4th Ohio Infantry. Joshua was first in Company K of the 86th Ohio Infantry, then the 5th Ohio Independent Cavalry Battalion, and finally the 13th Ohio Cavalry.

Letter to Colonel D.E. Barrow, 1861 October 3
The collection consists of a letter from Fleming G. Grieve to Colonel D.E. Barrow dated October 3, 1861, Milledgeville, Georgia. The letter offers the company of Calhoun Greys for service for the coastal defense of Georgia and includes a list of officers and privates in the company.

Letters to Nannie M. La Roque, 1862-1864
The collection consists of correspondence from John G. La Roque, of the 4th Georgia Infantry Regiment, mainly to his wife, Nannie M. La Roque, from 1862-1864. La Roque's letters discuss the death of his son, his health and that of his wife, the morale and health of the men in Company E, troop movements in Virginia, casualties and deaths, news of friends and family, the problems of obtaining clothing for soldiers, the battle of Spotsylvania, Virginia, and his capture and imprisonment at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also contains one letter from La Roque to F.A. Billingslea, dated April 27, 1863, asking Billingslea to collect money owed La Roque and describing the readiness and troop strengths under General Jackson.

Major W.S. Munday letters to Captain Isaac Shelby, 1863


The collection consists of two letters from Major W.S. Munday to Capt. Isaac Shelby, Jr. with the Buckner Corps, Army of Tennessee in 1863. The September 22, 1863 letter from Ringold, Georgia (at the close of the battle of Chickamauga) discusses not being able to find a courier to relay messages. The October 7, 1865 letter from Chattanooga, Tennessee, is regarding the distribution of cattle and moving his headquarters to Dalton, Georgia. Captain Isaac Shelby is the namesake and grandson of well known political figure, Colonel Isaac Shelby of the Revolutionary War period. Colonel Shelby took several forts in the Revolutionary War without firing a shot, fought in Pontiac's Rebellion, and helped defeat Cornwallis at King Mountain. He became Kentucky's first governor and fought the British in the War of 1812. His son was born in 1795 and married in 1817. He in turn had several children, including Isaac Jr. The writer of this letter, Isaac Shelby Jr., was born in 1832.

P.G.T. Beauregard telegram, 1865 January 2
The collection consists of a telegram sent to General Howell Cobb from General P. G. T. Beauregard at Charleston, South Carolina, which informs Cobb that Beauregard was leaving the city that day at eleven o'clock.
 
Robert T. Wood papers, 1863-1865, 1879 (bulk 1864)
The collection consists primarily of letters from Robert T. Wood (d. 1865, Confederate soldier in the Georgia Militia during the Civil War, resident of Washington County, Georgia) from May - August 1864 while serving in the Georgia Militia near Atlanta, to his wife and children in Washington County, Georgia. Also includes letters from a cousin, Fannie H. Rogers, Calhoun's Mills (S.C.); a letter from D.R. Childers (unit unknown), dated July 1963, Chattanooga, Tennessee, which mentions the Tullahoma campaign; and a social letter from W.D. Johnson dated 1879, from Liverpool, England to his sister, Missouri.

Thomas Ely Lee letters to Fannie Lee, 1862-1890 (bulk 1862-1863)
The collection primarily consists of letters from Thomas Ely Lee in the 49th Georgia Infantry Regiment, Company K while serving in Virginia, to his wife Fanny Lee from 1862-1863. He writes that he gets enough to eat but needs clothes. He states he went to Maryland and Pennsylvania, but believes the fighting at Petersburg may end the war. He mentions his commanders, Capt. Henry H. Whitfield and Lt. Capt. John Pate several times.

William C. Goggans Civil War letters, 1861-1865
The collection consists of letters, written mainly by William C. Goggans and family, during the Civil War from 1861-1865. The letters discuss army camp life, conditions and war news, and the wartime economy and psychology. Goggans of the 35th Georgia Infantry Regiment, wrote from camps in Richmond, Fredericksburg, James River, Cumberland Gap, Camp Jackson (Martinsburg), Smithfield, and Buryville in Virginia; Milledgeville and Augusta, Georgia; and Meridian, Mississippi. Also contained in the collection is a letter from J.B. Walton to the General Commander, U.S. Forces at Savannah, Georgia, and Confederate civilian letters. William C. Goggans, Lieutenant (later Captain) in the 35th Georgia Infantry Regiment, died at Richmond, Virginia, February 23, 1863.

William H. Maxey letters to Jeremiah Maxey, 1861-1862
The collection primarily consists of correspondence from William H. Maxey (d. March 15, 1862), a Confederate soldier with Company K of the 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment, to his father, Jeremiah Maxey, from June - December 1861. Maxey's letters, from Virginia, discuss his health, stays in the hospital, wounded friends, requests for clothes and blankets, rumors of troop movements, and asks for news of home. One letter, dated July 26, 1861, describes the death of Francis S. Bartow and the 1st Battle of Bull Run. Also contains an undated poem, THE DYING SOLDIER and correspondence to Jeremiah Maxey from other soldiers of the 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment. One letter, dated Richmond, Virginia, March 17, 1862 from Thomas Gilham, describes William Maxey's death.

Monday, April 23, 2012

Transforming metadata records for small collections into OAIDC for import into DLG union catalog

America's Turning Point is a collaborative project that brings together the Civil War resources of three Georgia institutions--Atlanta History Center, Georgia Historical Society, and the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at UGA. Each institution will maintain access its finding aids (which will have links to the scanned documents), but the project will also bring together descriptive records for all three institutions' digitized materials in the DLG union catalog, http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu.

One of the basic requirements of the NHPRC's Digitizing Historical Records program is that funded projects re-use existing descriptive metadata. All three institutions already have EAD-encoded finding aids and MARC. These will be used as the basis for the Dublin Core records required by the DLG union catalog.

Many of the collections to be included in the project are small, consisting of a single folder. Dublin Core records for these collection can be easily created by transforming the MARC records into DC. For those in AT (AHC and Hargrett), we export MARC21slim xml records from AT, run them through a basic clean-up script, and use a modified version of the MARC21slim2OAIDC xslt stylesheet from the Library of Congress.

The basic clean up script takes care of a few simple issues

  • When exporting MARC records from AT, the root element = collection. We want it to be <record>.
  • We create an 856 field and normalize the collection names to correspond with our naming scheme.

The modified XSLT stylesheet adds new fields (<dc:contributor>, <dc:publisher>, <dc:date>, and a <dc:description> with sponsorship details). It also creates <dc:rights>, <dc:source>, and <dc:coverage.temporal> fields. Even after transformation into OAIDC, we do a minor amount of tweaking--adding <dc:coverage.spatial> and correcting punctuation in and .

Once the OAIDC records have been finalized, we use the DLG's importer to add the records to our union catalog. At this time using a local perl, we also create a tab-delimited file to import the digital objects into AT. The script captures the following data:

  • DigitalObjectID
  • dateExpression
  • objectType (provided by user)
  • title
  • uri

Friday, March 23, 2012

Packing Up

On February 23, Atlanta History Center vice president Paul Crater and I began pulling collections from the shelves at the Kenan Research Center to pack and deliver to the Digital Library of Georgia for digitization. The History Center is contributing approximately 35,000 pages of material from seventy-four collections to the project.

To reduce the amount of time collections will be at DLG and thus inaccessible to researchers, the project staff decided to deliver the content in three installments, the first of which occurred on March 19, 2012. To illustrate the volume of materials to be digitized, AHC staff pulled half of the collections set to be digitized for the grant.



Since the collections will be inaccessible to researchers until they are returned to the Atlanta History Center and reshelved in their original containers, inventories and catalog records for these collections have been temporarily removed from our online catalogs.  

For the first installment, we chose forty-six collections, many of which are relatively small in size with only a few documents in each. However, the Wilber Kurtz Jr. visual arts collection contains over 6,000 images to be digitized. We carefully rehoused all the collections in record boxes for the trip and created spreadsheets that include an accurate account of the scans required for the contents of each collection.

Which brings me to an occupational hazard: reading the material with which you are working.

Found in Carrie Berry’s diary on 3 August 1864 (MSS 29f, spelling unchanged):

This was my birthday I was ten years old but I did not hav (sic) a cake times was too hard so I celebrated by ironing I hope by my next birthday we will have peace in our land so I can have a nice dinner


And from the 1864 diary of George J. Johnston, Co. F, 60th Alabama, Gracie’s Brigade (MSS 187f, spelling unchanged):

Should I be killed in battle or die in hospital be kind enough my dear soldier friend to inform Mrs Mary L McGibbon Opelika, Ala. where my remains may be found And if you saw me fall on the battlefield tell her how I behaved myself in the presence of the enemy.

On the opposite page from the entry listed above, Private Johnston left a note for any Federal soldiers who might have stumbled on his remains:

Pay respect to my body you infernal thievish Yankee scoundrel.  I have someone at home to read this book.

Yes, reading what we're processing does tend to slow things down a tad.  But who can resist taking a peek into the past?  We're very glad to be a part of the process.

Tuesday, March 13, 2012

Training the student scanners at DLG

From Donnie Summerlin, one of the student supervisors at the DLG and a project team member.
 
"On March 8, 2012 the Digital Library of Georgia began training their student assistants in the process of scanning, naming, and cropping materials received from the Atlanta History Center.

We first taught each student how to properly prepare for handling the materials. This preparation included putting their bags in a locker, washing their hands, covering their work table with fresh paper, and cleaning their scanner to ensure the scans are of the highest quality.

Once their workspace was prepared, we trained the students to properly handle the materials during the scanning process. We felt it important to convey to them the significance of the collections they would be working with and the importance of following best practices to ensure their protection, because the safety of the documents is the most important consideration. We taught them to provide support for the documents when moving them and leave the materials in the order in which they found them. We also stressed the importance of identifying concerns with the documents throughout the process and notifying one of their supervisors to ensure that any problems are handled promptly.

The students also learned how to organize the files created during the digitization process. We taught them how to correctly establish a folder hierarchy and appropriately name the files they place in those folders to ensure that their work is placed in the proper order and context, which in turn will preserve the digital integrity of the collections. As the project continues, we plan to regularly review the process with the students to make certain that their work maintains the standards set forth in the project guidelines."





Wednesday, February 29, 2012

Filenaming

From Mary Willoughby, a DLG staff member who has worked on several of DLG's "Troup" method projects.

"The folder level digitization method used for the NHPRC Civil War grant project relies on the collation of tens of thousands of scans into separate folders of items. These are transformed into pdf and djvu files that are linked with the existing finding aid for each collection at the folder level. How do we make sure that the right scans end up in the right folders? We use a strict naming system to recreate the collection, box, and folder hierarchy within the file name of each scan. The name also conveys information about the institution, item, and scan number (usually, but not always equivalent to the page number) of an item.

To state the rules generally:

Master tif image file names consist of a combination of five elements that reflect the structure of the collection. They are:

1. A collection identifier consisting of an institutional prefix and the existing numeric portion of the collection ID.
2. The box number (where applicable) padded with zeros to three digits.
3. The folder number (where applicable) padded with zeros to three digits.
4. The item number (numbered according to position in folder) padded with zeros to three digits.
5. The scan number (numbered according to how many scans it takes to present an item) padded with zeros to three digits.

These segments are separated with hyphens to enhance readability and aid in visual evaluation of file lists for quality control purposes.

Derivative names (which will be used to link the presentation images to the EAD) omit the item and scan numbers since they will be one per folder.

To give a specific example:

Considering the Francis Marion Coker papers from the Hargrett Library (ms15) the fourth page of the third item of folder 2 of box 1 would be:
harg15-001-002-003-004.tif

The derivative file for this folder would be:
harg15-001-002.pdf

It would be linked to the EAD at the section identifying folder 2 of box 1.

It’s a little confusing at first, but once you learn what the different parts mean you can immediately identify where the original object that corresponds to a scan is located. This is essential for quality control purposes in case we need to rescan an item or verify its location. It also is the means by which the files are divided up for derivative creation so that the correct images for a collection folder all ultimately appear in the same pdf or djvu file."